Apparatus for hair waving and curling



Aug. 25, 1936. w, KAHLHOFER 2,052,349

APPARATUS FOR HAIR WAVING AND CURLING Filed April 19, 1933 aiiarrzey.

Patented Aug. %5, 1936 Wolfram Kahlhofer, Berlin-Charlottenherg, Germany, assignor to Elektricitatsgesellschait Sanitas,v Berlin, Germany, a corporation of Germany Application April 19,

In Germany 1933, Serial No. 666,875

April 23, 1932 This invention relates to waving and curling. v

The invention and its aims and objects will be readily understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing of illustrative apparatus embodying the features of the invention, the true scope of the invention being more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawing: I Fig. 1 is a perspective view of illustrative apparatus embodying certain features of the in vention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the illustrative apparatus shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is an end view of the same apparatus shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a central cross section of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a side view of illustrative apparatus embodying additional features of the invention; Fig. 6 is a cross section on line 6-4 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a side view of illustrative apparatus embodying further features of the invention;

apparatus for hair 7 Fig. 8 is a cross section on line M of Fig 7;

Fig. 9 showsa modification of the contactbridge shown in Figs. 7 and 8;

Fig. 10 is a cross section on line ill-it of Fig. 9; and

Fig. 11 is a detail and'front view of an illustrative form of insulating block which may be applied to the right end, viewing Fig. 7, of the apparatus and which is directly connected to the conductors supplying the electrical current.

Referring to the drawing and more particularly to Figs. 1 to 4, means are provided for enclosing the strand or portion of the hair being operated upon and protected from the outside air, said means herein comprising conveniently an elongated casing consisting of two sections t--t, each provided with a gripp handle t at its upper longitudinal edge. Each section 2 is provided at the base of its handle 4 with a semi-cylindrical portion 6 extending throughout the length of the section, the cylindrical recess thus formed when the two sections 2 are assembled, as shown in the drawing, being adapted to receive a rod 8. Each section 2 has an end wall l0 and a reduced semi-cylindrical portion l2 joined to an upwardly extending portion I4. Circular springs l6 engage slots Ill provided in the upper edges of said two sections 2, the ends of said springs clamping between them the portion it of said sections 2 and thus holding the rod .3 in place within the cylindrical recess formed by the parts 6. By squeezing the handles 4 together the sections 2 will be caused to pivot upon the rod 8 to open, said sections being closed again by springs l6 when said handles are released.

' The hair to be waved is wound upon suitable means adapted to be contained within the casing formed by the two sections 2, said means herein consisting of a spindle 20- of gradually reduced diameter toward its center, its cylindrical ends fitting within the semi-cylindrical portions I! at each end of the sections 2 and being tightly l0 clamped and held against rotation by said portions I! under the action of springs l6 when said sections 2- are closed. Simple means are thus provided for preventing unwinding of the ,hair after it has been wound upon the spindle 15 20. At either end said spindle may be provided with a knurled disk 22 for rotating said spindle. Herein said spindle also provides the heat supplying means which conveniently may comprise an electrical resistance 24 (see Fig. 6) provided with terminals 26. The inner surfaces of the semi-cylindrical portions lz'may be knurled or provided with any other suitable arrangement to increase the frictional retention of the'spindle it against unwinding. At their lower edges said sections 2 are'provided each with a longitudinal closure wall it leaving between their inner edges a longitudinal slot til, so that the hair is not clamped by the edges of the sections 2.

In accordance with the invention, means may be provided to heat the hair within the apparatus from the outside in addition to heating itv from the inside by means of the resistance it contained in the hollow spindle til. Owing to the contact of the ends of the spindle with the end portions it of the casing t and the conductivity of the parts, a certain amount of heat is communicated from said spindle to the walls of the casing which thus acts as a heating chamber indirectly heated. The additional heating means contemplated renders the indirect heating oi. the casing independent of the more or less accidental heating thereof by said spindle and is so arranged as not to impair the ready operation of said casing. In the illustrative embodiment of the invention this is accomplished by providing the pivotal rod 3 with a central bore containing an electrical resistance. Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 wherein this feature is illustrated, it will be seen that the pivotal rod 8 is provided with narrow outside flanges 32, 32 which prevent said rod from moving longitudinally in the semi-cylindrical portions 6, and contains an electrical resistance 34 of any suitable and conventional construction, having terminals 36. The length 55 ofthe spring terminals or contact pins 88 will preferably be such that their ends will project the same distance as the ends of the terminals or contact pins '26 of the spindle 28 so that the two pins 26 and 86 at each end of the apparatus may be connected to a source of current by a double plug socket.

By the use of such additional heating means the time required for the waving operation can be materially shortened.

Referring to Figs. '7 and 8, simplified means are shown for connecting the terminals 26 and 36 at one end of the apparatus. In the illustrative embodiment of the invention shown, said means comprises an insulating block 88 provided at one end with a screw threaded aperture 48 to receive a screw threaded stud 42, said aperture communicating with a transverse aperture 44 adapted to receive the terminal 88 of the resistance 84 contained in the rod 8. Adjacent its end said terminal is provided with an annular slot 46 to be engaged by said stud 42 thus to permit said block 88 to pivot about said terminal. Adjacent its other end, said block is provided with a lateral recess 48 adapted to receive the terminal 26v of the spindle 20 when said block 88 is swung into operative position, as shown in Fig. 8. A resilient contact plate 58 lines the aperture 44 and extends down into the recess 48 where it is formed into a clamping contact for the terminal 26 of the resistance contained in the spindle 28.

In operation the block 38 will be swung laterally into inoperative position to enable the spindle 28 to be inserted in the casing, whereupon said block will be swung into operative position. When it is desired to remove the spindle said block 88 will again be swung into inoperative position.

Referring to Figs. 9 and 10 an insulating block is provided consisting of two sections 52, 62 both pivoted upon the terminal 36 and connected, the one to one of the sections 2 of the casing and the other to the other section 2 01' said casing. The connection may be made in any suitable manner, preferably as herein by extensions 64, 54 of said sections 2, one of said extensions being shown in Fig. 9. Each insulating block section 62 encloses a metal conductor 56 having one end in contact with the contact pin 36 and their other ends bent back upon themselves within recesses 58 provided within said insulating block sections 52, and forming resilient clamping contacts 60, 60 to engage the terminal 26 of the resistance in the spindle 20. It will be seen that opening the sections 2 of the casing will break the contact and closing said sections will make the contact at that, end of the apparatus.

The connecting means shown in Figs. 7 and 8 and 9 and 10 may be used at either end 01' the apparatus and any suitable double plug socket may be used at one end. If it is desired not to use any plug socket, connecting means, of which an illustrative embodiment is shown in Fig. 11, may be used in place thereof. In said figure there is shown applied to that end of the apparatus not provided with the contact means illustrated in Fig. 7, an insulating block 62 pivotally mounted upon the terminal 36 but held against longitudinal displacement by a flange 64. Said insulating block 62 is provided with a recess 66 in which there is suitably secured a spring clamping contact 68, which may be similar for example to the clamping contact 68 illustrated in Fig. 8, except that it is not electrically connected to the terminal 86. The clamping contact 68 and terminal 86 are permanently connected to conductors I8 and/l2 leading to a suitable current distributor. This contact means may also be constructed similar to that of Figs. 9 and 10.

The embodiment according to Fig. 7 and the connecting contact means of Fig. 11 may be modiiied to cause them to operate automatically by connecting the insulating block 38 or 82, respectively, by means of a bracket or the like with that section 2 of the spindle 28 enclosing casing which is on the same side of said spindle as the closed side of the recess 48 or 66.

The apparatus may be made of any suitable metal or alloy, or it may be made in part or wholly of heat and/or electro-insulating material.

The general operation of the apparatus is as follows:

The conventional insulating clamp (not shown) having been applied to the strands of hair to be treated, near the roots, said strands are rolled or wound up upon the interiorly heated spindle 20. The casing is then seized by the handles 4 which are pressed together so as to open the two casing sections 2, whereupon the spindle 28 with the hair rolled thereon is introduced into said casing through the thus enlarged slot 86. The handles 4 are now released, thus permitting the semi-cylindrical parts l2 to engage said spindle and clamp the same between them adjacent its ends, the slot 38 being thus closed to its normal width. This width is so selected that the opposed edges of the bottom walls 28 of the casing shall not contact with the hair strands projecting from the above-referred to insulating clamp so as to clamp said strands. The spindle 28 will now be turned by means of the knurled disks 22 to wind up the hair strands thereon until they are thoroughly taut. Any unwinding of said spindle 20 will now be prevented by the frictional engagement therewith of the parts I2 under the influence of the springs i6. The tautness of the hair strands causes the bottom walls 28 of the casing to be pressed into intimate contact with the above referred to insulating clamp thus closing the slot 88 throughout its length, thus completing the closing off of the heating chamber formed by the casing sections 2, from the surrounding atmosphere. This closing oil of the heating chamber from atmosphere is important in order that the heat, the chemicals used and the resultant vapors may act thoroughly and rapidly upon.

the hair. To increase the tightness of the closure of the slot 30, the bottom walls of the two casing sections 2 may be providedwith a layer of stuffing material.

The apparatus embodying the present invention possesses many advantages over apparatus heretofore used for the same purpose. Its construction is such that the heating chamber within which the hair is treated is effectively closed oif from atmosphere during the treatment which is thus rendered most effective and can be carried out quickly, thus sparing the person under treatment. The unwinding or loosen-' ing of the hair upon the spindle is eil'ectively avoided without the use of any separate device for this purpose. The hair on the spindle may be heated not only from the inside but also from the outside, as illustratively represented in Figs. 5 and 6. As already stated this heating from the outside is herein by preference effected indirectly. by the mediate heating of the walls of the casing enclosing the hair. Furthermore, the apparatus does not clamp the hair in any way, the edges of the slot 30 being sufliciently far apart not to contact with the hair, so that by the present invention the sharp kink formed by the clamping of the hair in other apparatus heretofore used, and which not only detracted from the appearance of the wave but was also deleterious to the hair itself, is avoided. Furthermore, the manipulation of the apparatus is greatly facilitated and simplified by the electrical connections in accordance with the present invention. It will also be noted that no wrapping of the hair wound on the spindle with flannel, metal gauze or other material is required as has heretofore been the case, because the hair. within the chamber is effectively closed off from atmosphere, said chamber being closed at both ends by the end walls and also at the bottom by the close contact with insulating block or clamp.

Other advantages of the present invention have been pointed out in the course of the description and still others will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

Each section 2 with its handle 4 and semicylindrical projections I2 can be made in a single piece pressed from a single piece of sheet metal which makes the cost of production quite low.

I am aware that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and I therefore desire the present embodiment to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being had to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. Hair waving and curling apparatus for use without wrappings having, in combination, a casing comprising two sections to form a heating chamber, said sections being relatively movable to open and close said chamber; means adjacent the ends of said sections to close said chamber at both ends when said sections are closed, each section being provided with a longitudinal recess; a pivot rod to engage said recesses; and. resilient means to clamp said sections in pivotal connection with said rod and normally to close said sections.

2. Hair waving and curling apparatus for use without wrappings having, in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections; a pivot rod about which said two sections are adapted to pivot to open and close said chamber; means upon which the hair is wound; bearings at either end of said casing sections to engage said means and prevent rotation thereof when said casing sections are closed; electrical resistances within said means and said pivot rod; and means at both ends of said chamber to close the latter at both ends when said sections are in position to close said chamber.

3. Hair waving and curling apparatus for use without wrappings having, in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber for the hair to be treated; means upon which the hair to be treated is rolled within said chamber, said means being provided with an electrical resistance to heat the hair from within; a second electrical resistance supported by said casing to heat the hair from without; terminals for said resistances projecting at opposite ends of said casing; a contact bridge comprising an insulated conductor connecting the adjacent terminals of said two resistances at one end of said casing; and a second contact bridge comprising an insulated conductor to connect the adjacent terminals of' said two resistances at the other end of said casing, said contact bridge being movable to and from operative position.

4. Hair waving and curling apparatus having, in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections; an electrical resistance supported by said casing and about the axis of which said two sections are adapted to pivot to open and close said chamber; means upon which the hair to be treated is wound within said chamber, said means being provided with an electrical resistance; terminals for said resistances; and a contact bridge comprising an insulated conductor connected to a terminal of one of said resistances and adapted to connect with an adjacent terminal of the other resistance when said contact bridge is in operative position, said contact bridge being adapted to swing about the axis of the terminal to which said conductor is connected to move said contact bridge to and from operative position.

5. Hair waving and curling apparatus having, in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections; an electrical resistance supported by said casing and about the axis of which said two sections are adapted to pivot to open and close said chamber; means upon which the hair to be treated is wound within said chamber, said means being provided with an electrical resistance; terminals for said resistances extending axially thereof; and a contact bridge comprising an insulated conductor connected to a terminal of said resistance about the axis of which said casing sections are adapted to pivot, said contact bridge being connected to one of. said casing sections and being adapted to swing with said casing section about said axis when said casing sections are closed to cause its conductor to connect with the terminal of the resistance of the means upon which the hair is wound.

6. Hair waving and curling apparatus having, in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections; an electrical resistance supported by said casing and about the axis of which said casing sections are adapted to pivot to open and close said chamber; means upon which the hair to be treated is wound Within said chamber, said means being provided with an electrical resistance; terminals for said resistances extending axially thereof; and a contact bridge comprising two arms each containing an insulated conductor connected to a terminal of said resistance about the axis of which said casing sections are adapted to pivot, said arms being connected one to each of said casing sections and being adapted to swing with said casing sections about said axis to cause their conductors to connect with the terminal of the resistance of the means upon which the hair is wound, when said casing sections are swung into closed position.

'7. Hair waving and curling apparatus having, in comb nation, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections; an electrical resistance supported by said casing and about the axis of which said two sections are adapted to pivot to open and close said chamber; means upon which the hair to be treated is wound within said chamber, said means being provided with an electrical resistance; terminals for said resistances; a contact bridge comprising an insulated conductor connected to one terminal of said resistance about the axis of which said casing sections are adapted to pivot, said contact bridge being connected to one of said casing sections and being adapted to swing with said casing section about said axis when said casing sections are closed, to cause its conductor to connect with the terminal of the resistance of the means upon which the hair is wound; and a second contact bridge pivoted upon the other terminal of the resistance about the axis of which said casing sections are adapted to pivot and containing a spring contact to engage the other terminal of the means upon which the hair is wound when said contact bridge is swung into operative position; and conductors leading to a. source of electrical energy and permanently connected the one to said spring contact and the other to said terminal about which said contact bridge is adapted to pivot.

8. Hair waving and curling apparatus having, in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections; an electrical resistance supported by said casing and about the axis of which said two sections are adapted to pivot to open and close said chamber; means upon which the hair to be treated is wound within said chamber, said means being provided with an electri'cal resistance; terminals for said resistances; a contact bridge comprising an insulated conductor connected to one terminal of said resistance about the axis of which said casing sections are adapted to pivot, said contact bridge being connected to one of said casing sections and being adapted to swing with the latter about said axis when said casing sections are closed, to cause its conductor to connect with the terminal of the resistance of the means upon which the hair is wound; and a second contact bridge pivoted upon the other terminal of the resistance about the axis of which said casing sections are adapted to pivot and containing a spring contact, said contact bridge being connected to one of said casing sections, so that when said casing sections are swung into closed position said spring contact will engage said terminal of the means upon which the hair is wound; and conductors leading to a source of electrical energy and permanently connected the one to said spring contact and the other to said terminal about which said contact bridge is adapted to pivot.

9. Hair waving and curling apparatus for use without wrapping, having in combination, 9. casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections relatively movable to open and close said chamber; means upon which to wind the hair for insertion in said chamber; means at opposite ends or said casing including substantially semi-cylindrical gripping extensions to clamp said last named means in place in said casing and prevent relative rotationand to close said chamber at both ends when said means upon which the hair is wound is inserted in said chamber and said sections are in position to close said chamber; and means in said chamber to heat the hair.

10. Hair waving and curling apparatus for use without wrapping having in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections relatively movable to open and close said chamber; means upon which to wind the hair for insertion into said chamber; means comprising end walls at opposite ends of said sections to clamp said means upon which the hair is wound in place in said casing and to prevent relative rotation when said sections are in position to close said chamber and to close said chamber at both ends, said chamber sections, when so clamped on said means carrying the hair, leaving a longitudinal opening sufficiently wide to accommodate the hair without clamping it; and means to heat the hair in said chamber.

11. Hair waving and curling apparatus for use without wrapping having, in combination, a casing forming a heating chamber and comprising two sections relatively movable to open and close said chamber and providing between them a slot extending lengthwise of said casing for the passage of the hair, when said sections are in closed position, said slot being ofsufiicient width to prevent clamping action on the hair; means upon which to wind the hair for insertion in said chamber; means at opposite ends of said casing to WOLFRAM KAHLHOFER. 

